Data transmission in either direction, one direction at a time. (Ref. ANSI X3.172.)

A circuit that changes single-phase alternating current into pulsating unidirectional current utilizing only one half of each cycle.

An irreversible change in operation that is typically associated with permanent damage to one or more elements of a device or circuit (e.g., gate oxide rupture, destructive latch-up events).

NOTE The error is called "hard" because the data is lost and the device or circuit no longer functions properly, even after power reset and re-initialization.

Physical equipment, as opposed to programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation. (Ref. ANSI X3.172.)

NOTE Contrast with "software".

The order and magnitude of the harmonic components.

Synonym for "full-bridge (output)".

The product of heating current, I_H, and heating voltage, V_H; it causes the junction temperature of the device under test to rise.

The voltage across the device under test during the application of heating current, I_H.

A region of transition between two different semiconductor materials, usually with a negligible discontinuity in the crystalline structure.

NOTE A heterojunction can be between materials of the same conductivity type (isotype heterojunction) or of the opposite conductivity type (anisotype heterojunction).

A description containing two or more nested levels of primitives.

The current into the output terminal with input conditions applied that, according to the product specification, will establish a high-impedance state at the output.

The most positive (least negative) value of high-level input voltage for which operation of the logic element within specification limits is to be expected.

The current into the output terminal with input conditions applied that, according to the product specification, will establish a high level at the output.

A source driver whose primary connection within the integrated circuit is through an active device to a positive supply voltage.

A graph obtained by dividing the range of the data set into equal intervals and plotting the number of data points in each interval against the interval number.

The time interval during which a signal is retained at a specified input terminal after an active transition occurs at another specified input terminal.

NOTE 1 The input hold time is the actual time interval between two signal events and is determined by the system in which the digital circuit operates. A minimum value is specified that is the shortest interval for which correct operation of the digital circuit is to be expected.

NOTE 2 The input hold time may have a negative value, in which case the minimum limit defines the longest interval (between the release of the signal and the active transition) for which correct operation of the digital circuit is to be expected.

A depression in the surface, the bottom of which is not visible.

(2) (in a semiconductor material): A mobile vacancy in the electronic valence structure that acts like a positive electron charge with a positive mass.

Synonym for full-bridge (output).

NOTE The term "H switch" is usually applied to forward-off-reverse-switching (using one or two three-state outputs) or forward-reverse-switching applications.

See "integrated circuit, hybrid".

The difference between the positive-going and the negative-going input threshold voltages.